Glossary

Barbra Streisand effect

The Barbra Streisand effect is where someone tries to repress something that they are opposed to so much that it draws attention to it. For example in 2003, photographers tried to take a photo of the Californian coastline to monitor coastal erosion, and the photo happened to include Streisand's house. Even though only 6 people saw it, her lawyers did and reported it to her. She decided to sue $75 million which brought attention to the piece, increasing the views to 420,000.

The case of the Ryan Giggs super injunction

Paparazzi

Paparazzi is a form of photographic journalism that is often conducted in non-consensual ways. The term originally derived from the 1960 film 'La Dolce Vita' in which a journalist followed a woman around her everyday life, capturing photos of her. Paparazzi in Italian is described as a 'buzzing insect'.

After the term came about, people began to follow celebrities in the streets, getting photos of them doing their day to day activities. The photos were, and still are, worth a lot of money each. This led to them becoming more competitive in every situation (following celebrities, at press events etc.), and began to cross ethical lines.

In the 1980s, paparazzi adapted, and could begin to get shots from far away with telescopic and a zooming lens, getting photos without the said person realizing.

Paparazzi also had another big change in the 1980s. when Princess Diana came onto the scene with the then Prince Charles. She was very shy, which meant she often couldn't tell the paparazzi to leave and a lot of photos were captured of her. She grew to let them in more, which led into a spiral of pictures being taken of her in normal settings.

There was one photo in particular which caused a lot of controversy, which was her working out in a gym, but the photo was taken from above meaning someone had hidden in the ceiling to capture it.

She continued to be followed around, even more so when it came about of her and Charles splitting, and both of them having affairs, in 1997. She was photographed with her boyfriend whilst on holiday in Paris, and the pictures spread.

It was then when they were leaving a hotel that she tried to hide from them, but paparazzi on motorbikes surrounded her car, getting close and breaching her privacy even further to capture the photos. The car ended up clipping one of the motorbikes, and hitting a pillar on the road. Diana died from her injuries a few hours after the crash. The headlines were swiftly changed to announce her death.

Paparazzi calmed down a little after this, and it was thought that they would stop. It wasn't long before they came back, in one case of Heat magazine which breached the privacy of celebrities to the extreme, and were often very hateful too.

However too, paparazzi isn't always bad and can sometimes capture photos that define an era and can be very defining around a certain situation.

It turns out too that the public is at fault for paparazzi, due to how engaged we have become with the lives of celebrities and wanting to keep track of them.

Broadcast terminology

OOV (out of vision)

PTC

Act

2-way

Live

Intro

As Live

Pre-Rec

SOC

Package

Cue

Vox pop

Churnalism

• Churnalism is journalism that is put out quickly without any research, with fewer journalists writing more stories

• Nibs- News in brief

• Churnalism occurs when a publication cuts back on journalists and resources, forcing existing journalists to spend less time producing more stories

• Newspaper firms and companies have collapsed/decreased significantly over the past 10-15 years

Slow News

• Slow journalism is a news subculture born out of the frustration at the quality of journalism from the mainstream press

• A continuation from the larger slow movement, slow journalism shares the same values as other slow-movement subsets in it's efforts to produce a good, clean and fair product

Slow news is slow journalism which is a news subculture that comes from our frustration at the quality of journalism from the mainstream press produces, called churnalism. Churnalism occurs when a publication cuts back on its journalists and resources, forcing existing journalists to spend less time producing more stories. It bases itself on quantity over quality, where slow news does the opposite to deliver reliable stories to its readers.

Slow news is also a continuation of the larger slow movement, and it shares the same values as other slow-movement subsets in its efforts to produce a good, clean and fair product. Churnalism is put out without any research which makes it more likely to be inaccurate and unreliable.

Whistleblowers and ins

Whistleblowers are people who publicly expose corruption and wrongdoing, and these people in a lot of cases are typically employees of a company, or somehow connected to the subject. They expose the companies with the knowledge of potentially facing backlash and consequences, such as being fired from their position, faced with court cases or something even worse. There have been cases where people have received lengthy prison sentences or even face exile in a country.

Ins are people who help you to get a source or a story. These are key to forming your articles as a journalist, and another reason why as a journalist you need a strong address book, as there can be plenty of links to other people through them too. Ins are also normally open and mutual relationships. Some examples of ins are:

• Press officers

• Other journalists

• Experts (professors, doctors etc.)

• Participants

• Community leaders

Gonzo journalism

• After WW2, journalism became more subjective, more analytical, written to higher literary standards

• Seen as reaction to the tradition of the journalism as an observer

• Hunter S Thompson- godfather of Gonzo

• Hunter's book- Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas

Characteristics of Gonzo:

• First person viewpoint

• Journalist is active part of story

• Belief that objectivity in journalism is a myth

Modern Gonzo journalism- Louis Theroux

Flair- A great journalist puts together stories that have their unique voice in them

What is your voice?

What do you want to say?

What will make you stand out from the crowd?